A2-22  Research and Development Expenditure and Public Spending
 on Education as Percentage of GDP
Source: World Bank WDI Database. (%)
Country or Area Research and Development
Expenditure as of GDP
Public Spending on Education,
Total as of GDP
2000 2005 2009 2000 2005 2009
             
World 2.13 2.04 2.14① 3.97 4.43 4.56①
High Income 2.42 2.32 2.43① 4.96 5.35 5.26
Middle Income 0.66 0.86 1.07① 3.96 4.10 4.39①
China 0.90 1.33 1.47① 1.91②
Hong Kong, China 0.47 0.79 0.79 4.20 4.49
Macao, China 0.09 0.08 3.68 2.36 2.57
Bangladesh 2.38 2.23
Brunei Darussalam 3.71
Cambodia 1.67 1.70 2.10
India 0.77 0.78 0.76③ 4.41 3.13 3.09④
Indonesia 0.07 0.05 0.08 1.07⑤ 2.87 3.53
Iran 0.74 0.79① 4.39 4.72 4.68
Israel 4.32 4.41 4.27 6.49 6.12 5.83
Japan 3.04 3.32 3.45① 3.67 3.52 3.42①
Kazakhstan 0.18 0.28 0.23 3.26 2.26 3.06
Korea, Rep. 2.30 2.79 3.36① 3.76② 4.15 5.05
Laos 1.50 2.43 2.26①
Malaysia 0.47 0.64④ 5.97 7.48 5.79
Mongolia 0.19 0.24 0.24 5.55 5.15
Myanmar 0.11 0.57
Pakistan 0.13 0.44 0.46 1.84 2.25 2.69
Philippines 0.11 0.11③ 3.27 2.43 2.65
Singapore 1.85 2.19 2.66① 3.38 3.08
Sri Lanka 0.14 0.11① 3.05⑥ 2.06
Thailand 0.25 0.24 0.21③ 5.41 4.23 4.13
Viet Nam 5.32①
Egypt 0.19 0.24 0.21 4.79 3.76①
Nigeria 0.22③
South Africa 0.60⑤ 0.90 0.93① 5.59 5.28 5.47
Canada 1.91 2.05 1.96 5.56 4.93 4.77①
Mexico 0.37 0.41 0.37③ 4.86 5.01 5.29
United States 2.71 2.57 2.79① 5.04② 5.27 5.40
Argentina 0.44 0.46 0.52① 4.60 6.03
Brazil 1.02 0.97 1.08① 4.01 4.53 5.72
Venezuela 0.38 0.23 3.69③
Czech Rep. 1.21 1.41 1.53 3.97 4.26 4.52
France 2.15 2.11 2.23 5.69 5.67 5.89
Germany 2.45 2.49 2.82 4.46 4.53 4.57①
Italy 1.05 1.09 1.27 4.45 4.41 4.67
Netherlands 1.83 1.90 1.84 4.96 5.48 5.94
Poland 0.64 0.57 0.68 5.01 5.47 5.10
Russian Fed. 1.05 1.07 1.25 2.94 3.77 4.10①
Spain 0.91 1.12 1.38 4.28 4.23 4.98
Turkey 0.48 0.59 0.85 2.59 2.86④
Ukraine 0.96 1.17 0.86 4.17 6.06 5.28③
United Kingdom 1.81 1.73 1.87 4.51 5.42 5.63
Australia 1.57 2.35① 4.69 4.72 5.11
New Zealand 0.98② 1.14 1.17③ 6.76② 6.38 6.42
             
             
Note:Data refer to 2008.Data refer to 1999.Data refer to 2007.Data refer to 2006.
        Data refer to 1997.Data refer to 1998.